Cell mediated immunity before and after treatment by praziquantel, in schistosoma mansoni patients

Humoral and cellular components of immune responses had been thought to have role in developing resistance to re-infection with S. mansoni. This case-control study included 30 S. mansoni cases [active or inactive]; age ranged from 23 to 47 years. They were selected from outpatient clinic of internal medicine department, Benha Faculty of Medicine. Ten healthy control subjects from same area were also included in study. IL-2 and IFN-gamma were measured by ELISA procedures for both patients and controls. A non-statistically significant difference was shown between the levels of IL-2 or IFN-gamma, between the [control group] and [active S. group after treatment] while the difference was highly significant between inactive S group and active group after treatment [p<0.01]. Females showed higher levels of IL-2 in the [active S. group after treatment] while among the [control cases] the levels were higher in males. The [active S. group after treatment] showed a highly significant difference and the [below 40 years of age group] showing higher IL-2 levels. The [active S. group after treatment] showed a significant difference, and the [over 40 years of age] showed higher IFN-gamma levels. Praziquantel had increased the levels of IL-2 and IFN-gamma in the [active Schistosomiasis group after treatment by PZQ] closer to the level of [control group] but not in the [inactive S. mansoni group]

Effect of low level laser therapy on articular cartilage and synovium in osteoarthritis and adjuvant arthritis models in rats: Histopathology, electron microscopy and oxidative stress markers assessment

The effect of low energy level laser [LLL] therapy was assessed on the basis of physical parameter [paw edema] and histopathological examination of knee joints using light and electron microscopes. Serum nitric oxide, malondialdehyde and ceruloplasmin in addition to blood glutathione and erythrocyle superoxide dismutase levels/activities were also determined. The results revealed that LLL possesses antiedematous and antiarthritic effects, being more relevant in adjuvant arthritis [AA] animals. This was evidenced by a marked reduction in paw edema in addition to decrease in villous formation and disappearance of inflammatory cells in the synovium of AA rats. The histopathological picture of the articular cartilage was also improved; however, not reaching statistically significant level. In AA mode1, the anti-arthritic effect of LLL was extended systemically causing significant reduction in the elevated levels of malondialdehyde, ceruloplasmin and supxoxide dismutase by 46%, 22% and 25%, respectively, as compared to the corresponding untreated AA rats. No marked effects were clearly demonstrated in osteoarthritis [OA] model as noticed from the hisropathological and biochemical aspects, except for the presence of intact mitochondria even in cells undergoing apoptosis. LLL confers good anti-arthritic effect in AA model that support its anti-inflammatory and immunosuprresive effects. More research should be performed using different schedules of laser to explore its role in OA

Synthesis and pharmacological screening of certain substituted tetrahydropyrido [4,3-b] quinolines and pyrazole [4,3-c] quinolines

The synthesis of two series of annulated quinoline derivatives III and IV is presented. Pyrazolo [14,3-c] quinoline derivatives [IV] were also obtained by a newly reported rearrangement reaction [17]. The analgesic antipyretic as well as anti-inflammatory activities of 7-chloro-2 [benzothiazol-2-yl]-4 [2N-ethylamino] ethyl]-2H-pyrazolo [4,3-c] quinoline [IV6], 7-chloro-2 [benzothiazol-2-yl]-4 [2 N-propylamino] ethyl]-2H-pyrazolo [4,3-c] quinoline [IV6], 7-chloro-2 [benzothiazol-2-yl]-4[2 N-propylamino] ethyl]-2H-pyrazolo [4, 3-c] quinoline [IV12], 7-chloro-2 propyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydropyrido [4,3-b] quinoline [III7] and 7-chloro-4 [2[N-ethylamino] ethyl]-2[4-hydroxy-6-methylpyrimidin-2-yl]-2H-pyrazolo [4,3-c] quinoline [IV3] have been investigated